Imperial starships have adjectives as class names; it has not yet been determined if this is universal, or if the names of individual ships within a class are consistent with the class name.

Arcturan ships are named in Japanese:

Daitenshi = "Archangel", based on the old Seraphin class
Dokujin = "Assassin's Dagger", based on the old Lancer class
Hayabusa = "Peregrine falcon", based on the old Peregrine class
Izanagi = figure from Japanese mythology, based on the old Hyperion class
Kyouwa = "Concord", based on the old Concordia class
Raikou = "Lightning", based on the old Thunderbolt class
Tetsukabe = "Iron Wall (i.e. 'Ironsides')", based on the old Iridium class

Negali ships are given names that just sounded cool, although many of the phonemes are taken from Turkish.

S'ssk ships are given NATO-type codenames that reference snakes.

Kalaedinese ships are given names that just sounded cool; I can't remember if I used an existing language as a basis.