I think that thrust points=engine points from engine rating.
If a ship is stuck in a web stronger than its engine rating, it could double its engines for a turn to escape... :idea:

Read "thrust rating" as "engine rating".

And yes, engine doubling is an optional rule in Starmada (D.1: Emergency Thrust).

Double first, then reduce.

So, how exactly does a ship escape from a web in Starmada? Let's say a Klingon ship with an Engine Rating of 5 enters a strength 3 web on turn 1. It stops. The next movement phase (turn 2)  it now has an engine rating of 2. The web is still at strength 3. What can the Klingon do? Is that optional engine doubling rule the only way out?

In FC, a ship (or seeking weapon) is trapped "until they have (during eight consecutive impulses) expended Movement Points equal to the strength of the web (at the time they escape)."

Since there are no impulses in Starmada, would the Klingon be able to leave on turn 3 after expending one point of its reduced ER? That would leave it with one point of movement that movement phase (I'm assuming the ship would not get its full ER back until the movement phase of turn 4). If the web was very strong, a ship might need multiple turns to escape, and if the Tholians add energy or the ship takes damage, it might never get out. That seems like the most SFU-like way to handle it, imho.